Table 2 Review from the literature of 61 reported patients with oligodendroglioma with metastases outside the CNS
Patient no. | Gender | Subjects | WHO grade | Age at diagnosis (y) | Location of metastasis | OS (months) | Time between presentation of primary tumor and metastasis (months) | Molecular biomarkers tested | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | British | ODG, low grade early, later *AO | 25 | Cervical lymph nodes, scalp, lung, bone | 84 | * | * | James et al. 1951 [26] |
2 | F | American | ODG, *grade | 7 | Scalp, bone, soft tissue, liver | 36 | * | * | Spataro et al. 1968 [27] |
3 | F | Austrian | ODG, *grade | 58 | Bone | 30 | * | * | Jellinger et al. 1969 [28], (also reported as Schuster et al. 1976 [29]) |
4 | M | American | *ODG, *grade | 45 | Bone marrow | 17 | * | * | Smith et al. 1969 [2] |
5 | * | * | ODG, initially low grade | 3.5 | Lymph nodes, lungs, adrenal | 21 | * | * | Kernohan 1971 [30] |
6 | F | Scottish | Malignant glioma, some ODG features | 21 | Bone | 9 | * | * | Eade et al. 1971 [31] |
7 | M | Scottish | Small cell GBM with regions of ODG | 23 | Bone | 12 | * | * | |
8 | M | French | *ODG, *grade | 57 | Lymph nodes, bone | 20 | * | * | Cappellaere et al. 1972 [32] |
9 | M | French | *ODG, *grade | 22 | Lymph nodes, bone, parotid gland | 25 | * | * | |
10 | F | British | Malignant glioma, some ODG features | 30 | Pleura | 156 | * | * | Brander et al. 1975 [33] |
11 | M | German | *ODG, *grade | 40 | Bone, lymph nodes, lungs | 86 | * | * | Kummer et al. 1977 [34] |
12 | * | Canadian | *ODG, *grade | * | Scalp | * | * | * | Chin et al. 1980 [35] |
13 | F | American | ODG, grade II | 33 | Bone, lymph nodes, scalp, soft tissue | 50 | * | * | Ordonez et al. 1981 [36] |
14 | M | Japanese | Grade III | 32 | Bone | 76 | 14 | * | Nakamura et al. 1985 [37] |
15 | M | * | ODG, malignant | 41 | Bone marrow | 48 | * | * | Newman et al. 1985 [38] |
16 | * | Canadian | ODG, *grade, some astro | 12 | Bone, lymph nodes, scalp | 104 | * | * | Macdonald et al. 1989 [39] |
17 | * | Canadian | ODG, *grade | 44 | Cervical lymph nodes, bone, | 48 | * | * | |
18 | F | Canadian | ODG, grade III | 36 | Bone, lymph nodes | 60 | * | * | |
19 | * | Canadian | ODG, *grade, some astro | 32 | Bone, lymph nodes, scalp | 38 | * | * | |
20 | * | Canadian | ODG, *grade | 34 | Bone | 76+ | * | * | |
21 | M | Canadian | ODG, grade III | 27 | Bone | 37 | * | * | |
22 | * | Canadian | ODG, *grade, some astro | 47 | Bone | 26+ | * | * | |
23 | * | Polish | Grade III | * | * | * | * | * | Rolski et al. 1993 [40] |
24 | * | German | * | * | Cervical lymph nodes | * | * | * | Steininger et al. 1993 [41] |
25 | M | British | ODG, grade III | 54 | Bone marrow | 12 | * | * | Gerrard et al. 1995 [42] |
26 | * | German | Grade III | * | Cervical lymph nodes | * | 48 | * | Schroder et al. 1995 [43] |
27 | M | Italian | ODG, grade II | 58 | Chest wall, bone marrow, possibly liver | 48 | * | * | Monzani et al. 1996 [44] |
28 | M | British | ODG, grade III | 43 | Bone marrow, liver | 3 | * | * | Dawson 1997 [45] |
29 | M | Austrian | ODG-astrocytoma grade III | 62 | Thoracic wall, pleura, bone marrow | 288 | 6 | * | Finsterer et al. 1998 [46] |
30 | M | Indian | Grade III | 50 | Bone and bone marrow | 7+ | * | * | Anand et al. 2001 [47] |
31 | * | Italian | ODG, grade II | 25 | Bone | 84+ | * | * | Giordana et al. 2002 [48] |
32 | M | Indian | Grade III | 50 | Bone marrow | 17 | * | * | Sharma et al. 2003 [49] |
33 | M | American | Grade III | 33 | Bone marrow | 38+ | * | * | Choon et al. 2004 [50] |
34 | M | Canadian | Grade III | 35 | Bone | 84 | 23 | Allelic LOH of chromosome 1p (1p-), a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase | Morrison et al. 2004 [51] |
35 | F | American | ODG, grade II early, later AO, grade III | 41 | Parotid gland | 79+ | 68 | Codeletion of 1p/19q | Wang et al. 2004 [52] |
36 | M | American | ODG, low grade early, later AO, grade III | 28 | Bone marrow | 120 | 5 | Positive for S-100 marker with immunohistochemical stain | Al-Ali et al. 2005 [23] |
37 | M | American | Atypical meningioma, early, later AO, grade III | 32 | Bone, bone marrow, cervical and thoracic lesions | 168 | 27 | Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, positive for S-100, and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Merrell et al. 2006 [53] |
38 | F | American | AO, grade III | 71 | Bone, bone marrow, | 17 | 13 | Codeletion of 1p/19q, positive for S-100, and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain, elevated serum hemoglobin level | |
39 | F | Chinese | ODG, *grade | 64 | Pleura, bone | * | 84 | Positive for S-100, Olig2 and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Lee et al. 2006 [54] |
40 | M | American | ODG, grade II early, later AO, grade III | 15 | Pleura, bone, lungs, adrenal gland, chest, liver, abdomen | 62 | 31 | Codeletion of 1p/19q | Bruggers et al. 2007 [55] |
41 | F | Japanese | AO, grade III | 17 | Spleen, liver, pancreas, bone, spinal dura mater, dorsal root ganglia, lungs, lymph nodes, iliopsoas muscle | 144 | 3 | Markedly positive for Ki-67, and positive for Olig2 with immunohistochemical stain, | Uzuka et al. 2007 [56] |
42 | F | Korean | AO, grade III | 48 | Liver, lungs | 28 | 27 | Not presented | Han et al. 2008 [4] |
43 | M | Italian | AO, grade III | 40 | Bone, bone marrow, liver | 10 | 5 | Not presented | Zustovich et al. 2008 [57] |
44 | F | Slovenian | AO, grade III | 54 | Cervical and neck lymph nodes | 48 | 12 | Positive for S-100, and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Volavsek et al. 2009 [58] |
45 | F | Slovenian | AOA, grade III | 30 | Bone | 58+ | 17 | Positive for GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | |
46 | M | Japanese | AO, grade III | 53 | Lymph nodes, bone, spinal dura mater, thymus gland, chest wall | 30 | 24 | Codeletion of 1p/19q | Noshita N, et al. 2010 [59] |
47 | F | Japanese | AO, grade III | 73 | Cervical lesion | 18+ | 18 | * | Oshiro S, et al. 2010 [60] |
48 | M | Dutch | AO, grade III | 59 | Bone marrow | 33 | 31 | Codeletion of 1p/19q, positive for S-100, and p53 with immunohistochemical stain | Krijnen JL, et al. 2010 [61] |
49 | M | Dutch | *ODG, *grade | 24 | Bone marrow | * | 84 | Not presented | |
50 | M | Dutch | AO, grade III | 34 | Cervical lymph nodes, iliopsoas muscle | * | not presented | Not presented | |
51 | M | Dutch | AO, grade III | 64 | Axillary lymph nodes | * | 34 | Not presented | |
52 | M | Dutch | AO, grade III | 72 | Bone marrow | * | 6 | Not presented | |
53 | F | Dutch | *ODG, *grade | 67 | Bone marrow | * | 29 | Not presented | |
54 | M | Dutch | AO, grade III | 62 | Retroperitoneal lymph nodes | * | 21 | Not presented | |
55 | M | Turkish | AO, grade III | 55 | Bone marrow | 23+ | 11 | Positive for GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Kural C, et al. 2011 [62] |
56 | M | Chinese | AO, grade III | 37 | Bone | 58+ | 37 | Positive for S-100, and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Wu Y, et al. 2011 [63] |
57 | M | Italian | AO, grade III | 40 | Bone marrow | 61 | 57 | Positive for enolase, and GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Cordiano V, et al. 2012 [64] |
58 | F | Turkish | ODG, *grade | * | Cervical lymphatic chain | * | 60 | Codeletion of 1p/19q | Can B, et al. 2012 [65] |
59 | M | Turkish | AO, grade III | 58 | Breast | * | * | * | Alacacioglu A, et al. 2012 [66] |
60 | M | Irish | AO, grade III | 58 | Bone | 120+ | 108 | Codeletion of 1p/19q, positive for GFAP with immunohistochemical stain | Greene J, et al. 2013 [67] |
61 | M | Chinese | AO, grade III | 45 | Bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes | 16 | 13 | No deletion of 1p/ 19q, PTEN mutation in exon 2, MGMT promoter methylated, positive for IDH1, Ki-67, Olig2, and GFAP, negative for MGMT, EMA and Vim with immunohistochemical stain | Present case |