Table 1 Baseline of the included studies
Author | Year | Study design | Site | Age (year) | Gender | Type and No. of fractures | No. of participants | Categories of tea consumption | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kreiger N[17] | 1992 | Case–control | Canada | 50-84 | Female | Hip fracture 102, wrist fracture 154 | 533 | 2 categories, <3 cup/day, ≥ 3 cup/day | Age, the Queteletindex, ovariectomy, estrogens replacement, cigarette smoking |
Johnell O[18] | 1995 | Case–control | Southern Europe | > 50 | Female | Hip fracture 2086 | 5,618 | 4 categories, never, 1–2 cups/day, 3 cups/day, ≥ 4 cups/day | Age, center and BMI |
Tavani A[19] | 1995 | Case–control | Italy | 19-74 | Female | Hip fracture 279 | 1,340 | 2 categories, no drinking, drinking | Age, education, body mass index, smoking status, total alcohol consumption, calcium intake, menopausal status, and estrogen replacement therapy use |
Chen Z[20] | 2003 | Cohort | USA | 50-79 | Female | Hip fractures 386, forearm/wrist fractures 1,809, other fractures 8,332 | 91,465 | 4 categories, <1 cup/day 1 cup/day 2–3 cups/day ≥ 4 cups/day | Age, BMI, ethnicity, hormone replacement therapy use, smoking, years since menopause, fracture history, osteoporosis drug use, walking, soy milk consumption, coffee drinking, and depression |
Hallström H[21] | 2010 | Case–control | India | 65.2 ± 15.1 | M:F 86:114 | Hip fracture, 100 | 200 | 2 categories, ≤ 1 cup/day >1 cup/day | Age, BMI, agility, eat pander, eat fish, active persons, take calcium supplements |
Jha RM[22] | 1999 | Case–control | Southern Europe | 50-100 | Male | Hip fracture 730 | 1,862 | 4 categories, never, sometimes, 1–2 cups/day, ≥ 3 cups/day | Age, center and BMI |
Kanis J[23] | 2013 | Case–control | China | 71 ± 7 | M:F 148:433 | Hip fracture femoral neck fractures 396, intertrochanteric fractures 185 | 581 | 2 categories, No drinking, drinking | NA |
Zeng FF[24] | 2011 | Cohort | China | >90 | M:F 226:467 | Osteoporotic fracture 72 | 703 | 2 categories, Former drinking, current drinking | Age, gender, sleep habits educational levels, religion habits and temperament |
Tomata Y[25] | 2012 | Cohort | Japan | >65 | M:F 6176:7812 | Hip fracture 55 | 13,988 | 4 categories, 1 cup/day 1–2 cups/day | NA |
3–4 cups/day | |||||||||
5 cups/day | |||||||||