Serum Dickkopf-1 expression level positively correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer

Diagnostic Pathology

Table 1 The serum levels of DKK-1 according to clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with breast cancer

		DKK-1 expression
Variables	Cases (n)	High	Low	p value
Age (years)
<50	59	27	32	0.61
≥ 50	66	36	30
TNM stage
I + II	71	26	45	0.009*
III	54	37	17
Grade
G1-G2	67	24	43	0.02*
G3	58	39	19
Histological type
Ductal	88	49	39	0.11
Others	37	14	23
Lymph node metastasis
Yes	46	36	10	0.001*
No	79	27	52
ER
Negative	59	33	26	0.09
Positive	66	30	36
PR
Negative	68	37	31	0.12
Positive	57	26	31
HER2
Negative	36	29	7	0.002*
Positive	89	34	55
Family history of breast cancer
Yes	73	41	32	0.07
No	52	22	30
Radiation therapy
Yes	34	19	15	0.39
No	91	44	47
Chemotherapy
Yes	46	22	24	0.31
No	79	41	38
Menopausal status
Yes	48	23	25	0.45
No	77	40	37

ISSN: 1746-1596