Table 3 Relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of diabetic retinopathy, and the concentrations of hcy between the DR and NDR groups by subgroup analysis

T1D

3

1.83

1.28 to 2.62

0.21

33.6

7

2.5

1.04 to 3.97

0.00

94.0

T2D

4

1.59

0.72 to 3.51

0.19

39.7

16

2.85

1.45 to 4.25

0.00

99.2

Mixed

2

1.93

1.46 to 2.53

0.93

0.0

4

1.68

0.01 to 3.35

0.00

97.2

Unitd Staes

1

1.9

1.24 to 2.93

-

-

4

3.03

-0.02 to 6.08

0.00

85.0

Asia

4

2.36

1.46 to 3.81

0.15

44.3

11

3.43

2.59 to 4.28

0.00

88.6

Europe

4

1.45

0.95 to 2.20

0.57

0.0

10

1.68

0.83 to 2.52

0.00

85.0

Oceania

-

-

-

-

-

2

0.68

-0.49 to 6.08

0.00

99.8

Plasma

8

2.01

1.49 to 2.72

0.20

29.0

24

2.81

2.04 to 3.57

0.00

97.3

Serum

1

1.45

0.79 to 2.67

-

-

3

0.45

0.03 to 0.87

0.13

51.5

DR vs normal

3

3.71

0.94 to 14.72

0.0

90.9

11

5.21

3.50 to 6.92

0.00

99.2

DR vs DM

9

2.02

1.52 to 2.68

0.33

12.1

22

2.34

1.62 to 3.05

0.00

97.6

NPDR vs control

2

2.66

1.74 to 4.06

0.88

0.0

10

1.8

0.89 to 2.71

0.00

96.4

PDR vs control

2

2.84

1.75 to 4.61

0.98

0.0

12

4.53

3.16 to 5.90

0.00

91.6