Table 3 Summary of reported cases of hepatocellular carcinoma initially presented with extrahepatic metastases
Authors name | Year of publication | No of patients | Age range (Median) | Male/Female | Pattern of growth of HCC | Metastatic anatomic region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liaw et al. [20] | 1989 | 20 | 26–64 (50) | 16/4 | Predominantly trabecular pattern | Spines, ribs, skull, scapula, pelvis, long bone, sternum, clavicle. |
Uka et al. [22] | 2007 | 151 | 21–82 (64) | 117/34 | Not mentioned | Lung, lymph nodes, bones, adrenal gland, peritoneum, pancreas, nasal passages. |
Yoo et al. [21] | 2011 | 251 | 18–85 (51) | 212/39 | Not mentioned | Lung, lymph node, bones, adrenal gland, others. |
The present study | 2015 | 47 | 40–80 (60) | 38/9 | Predominantly mixed pattern | Bones, lymph nodes , soft tissue, omentum, maxillary sinus, adrenal gland, brain, skin. |