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Table 2 Histologic parameters evaluated in this study

From: Level of mitoses in non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (pTa and pT1) at initial bladder biopsy is a simple and powerful predictor of clinical outcome: a multi-center study in South Korea

Variables

Definition

Category

Explanation of category

Papillary fusion

Fusion of papillae with forming confluent and complex papillary cores

1

<1/3 area

2

1/3 ~ 2/3 area

3

>2/3 area

Umbrella cells

Area with preserved umbrella cells

1

>50% area

2

5-50% area

3

<5% area

Discohesiveness

Detached cells from papillae

1

<1/3 area

Refer to Additional file 1: Figure S1.

2

1/3 ~ 2/3 area

3

>2/3 area

Cell density

 

1

<1/3 areas show more than 2 times normal density

2

1/3 ~ ≤2/3 area shows more than 2 times of normal density

3

>2/3 area show more than 2 times normal density or >5% area shows more than 3 times normal density

Nuclear pleomorphism

Size of smallest nuclei vs. largest nuclei(regardless of tangential sectioning)

1

<3

2

3 ≤ and <8

3

8 ≤ and <20

4

≥20

Multinucleated giant cells

Presence of bi-or multinucleated nuclei

0

Absence

1

Presence

Loss of polarity

Proportion of cells deviating from the vertical alignment shown in normal urothelium

1

<5%

2

5-50%

3

>50%

Hyperchromasia

Semiquantitative degree of nuclear hyperchromasia

1

diffusely mild

2

diffusely moderate or focally strong

3

diffusely strong

Nuclear groove

Proportion of tumor cells without identifiable nuclear grooves

1

<5%

2

5-50%

3

> 50%

Prominent nucleoli

Proportion of cells having prominent nuclei (recognizable under 10× medium power)

1

<5%

2

5-50%

3

>50%

Whorling pattern

Refer to Additional file 1: Figure S1.

0

absent

1

present

Necrosis

Degree of necrosis

1

singly spotted

2

focally grouped or multifocally spotted

3

surface necrosis of nests

4

confluent necrosis

Divergent histology

Presence and number of glandular, squamous or micropapillary differentiation

0

absence

1

1

2

2

3

3

Mitotic count

Number of mitosis/ 10 consecutive HPFs in most mitotically active area

CON

 

Mitotic count-CAT

Group of mitotic count

1

0-2

2

3-7

3

8-15

4

≥16

Mitotic level

Most highest level of mitotic figures, from base to the top of the papilla(low 1/3, mid1/3, and high 1/3)

1

<1/3 or no mitosis

2

1/3-2/3

3

>2/3

Apoptosis

Number of apoptotic bodies in most active area/one HPF

1

<10

2

10-100

3

>100

Capillary proliferation

Number of capillary in one papillary core

CON

 
  1. CAT Categorical variable, CON Continuous variable, HPF(s) High power field(s)