Fig. 6

Clonogenic ability of cells after treatment and X-ray irradiation. Colony formation in H460 cells transfected with GSK-3β with different activity levels [wild type GSK-3β (GSK-3β-WT), constitutively active GSK-3β-S9A, and catalytically inactive GSK-3β-K85R)] and X-ray irradiation (a). After transfection with GSK-3β with different activity levels, the clone-forming ability of activated GSK-3β-S9A was reduced, and cell viability was decreased. Colony formation in A549 cells after GSK-3β inhibition (SB216763) and X-ray irradiation (b). After inhibiting GSK-3β activity, the clone-forming ability and cell viability increased. Colony formation in H460 cells after inhibiting or promoting autophagy (cells were treated with the autophagy inducer rapamycin and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA) and X-ray irradiation (c). After inhibiting autophagy with 3-MA, the reduction in clone-forming ability was more significant, and cell viability was decreased