Table 5 Multivariate predictors of any diagnostic errors (Class I, II, III and IV discrepancies), major errors (Class I and II discrepancies) and minor errors (Class III and IV discrepancies)
From: Diagnostic errors in fatal medical malpractice cases in Shanghai, China: 1990–2015
Characteristics | Any errors | Major errors | Minor errors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
Age, years | ||||||
(0, 20) | 1.14 (0.56–2.32) | 0.72 | 0.52 (0.15–1.82) | 0.31 | 0.35 (0.09–1.36) | 0.13 |
[20, 40) | 1.55 (0.88–2.73) | 0.12 | 1.45 (0.58–3.61) | 0.42 | 0.19 (0.36–3.97) | 0.77 |
[40, 60) | 1.04 (0.65–1.66) | 0.87 | 0.91 (0.43–1.94) | 0.80 | 0.68 (0.25–1.82) | 0.43 |
≥ 60 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
Specialty | ||||||
Internal | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
Surgery | 0.88 (0.51–1.52) | 0.65 | 1.81 (0.71–4.61) | 0.21 | 2.54 (0.85–7.63) | 0.09 |
Emergency | 0.77 (0.45–1.30) | 0.32 | 1.58 (0.66–3.78) | 0.30 | 1.48 (0.51–4.35) | 0.47 |
Other wardsa | 0.41 (0.19–0.86) | 0.018 | 1.35 (0.46–3.95) | 0.58 | 0.29 (0.06–1.53) | 0.14 |
Organ system | ||||||
Circulatory | 0.54 (0.28–1.03) | 0.06 | 0.46 (0.15–1.41) | 0.17 | 0.426 (0.11–1.69) | 0.22 |
Digestive | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
Respiratory | 0.48 (0.24–0.96) | 0.036 | 0.39 (0.12–1.27) | 0.11 | 0.25 (0.060–0.99) | 0.05 |
Other systemsb | 0.64 (0.33–1.27) | 0.20 | 2.52 (0.77–8.28) | 0.12 | 0.39 (0.09–1.73) | 0.21 |
Length of stay | ||||||
≤ 1 day | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
(1, 7] days | 1.31 (0.76–2.26) | 0.32 | 1.81 (0.74–4.38) | 0.19 | 0.68 (0.22–2.08) | 0.50 |
(7,14] days | 1.18 (0.58–2.43) | 0.64 | 1.16 (0.37–3.62) | 0.80 | 0.70 (0.14–3.57) | 0.67 |
> 14 days | 1.26 (0.74–2.15) | 0.38 | 1.52 (0.64–3.62) | 0.34 | 0.76 (0.27–2.19) | 0.61 |
Hypertension | ||||||
Yes | 0.78 (0.42–1.46) | 0.44 | 1.78 (0.64–4.96) | 0.27 | 0.22 (0.06–0.9) | 0.036 |
No | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
Neoplasm carrier | ||||||
Yes | 1.92 (1.18–3.14) | 0.009 | 1.44 (0.63–3.30) | 0.39 | 0.58 (0.23–1.46) | 0.25 |
No | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
History of surgery | ||||||
Yes | 0.98 (0.54–1.78) | 0.94 | 1.53 (0.57–4.09) | 0.39 | 1.68 (0.49–5.75) | 0.41 |
No | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
Perioperative period | ||||||
Yes | 0.96 (0.56–1.66) | 0.89 | 0.74 (0.29–1.84) | 0.51 | 1.65 (0.50–5.40) | 0.41 |
No | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||