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Method
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Reverse transcription of RNA into cDNA strands, followed by amplification of specific regions of the cDNA
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Reverse transcription of RNA into cDNA strands, construction of NGS library after amplifying full length genes, and sequencing analysis
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Simultaneous reverse transcription and isothermal amplification at 37 degrees Celsius using a set of highly specific primers involved in annealing and synthesizing new strands, followed by appreciable color change to the naked eye that determines positivity
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Simultaneous reverse transcription and isothermal amplification using RT-LAMPcas-12 detection of predefined coronavirus sequences, and cleavage of a reporter molecule confirms detection of the virus
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Monoclonal antibodies detect viral antigens by immunoassay directly from the clinical specimens
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Uses clonal viral antigens to detect antibodies (IgA, IgM, and IgG) to SARS–CoV-2 from clinical specimens (such as blood or saliva)
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Turn-around Time
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6–24 h
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24 h
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< 2 h
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< 2 h
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< 2 h
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< 2 h
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Significance
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Highly specific and the test of choice
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Comparison between various strains involved in the evolution of this illness, useful in research and vaccine development
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Rapid, accurate, and relatively simple test with high specificity
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Rapid, accurate, and relatively simple with high specificity
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Rapid, simple, and potential future rapid test of choice
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Rapid, simple, and can detect past infection or immunity from the infection (screening test)
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Drawback
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Complex technique, requires specialized laboratory and trained personnels
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Complex technique and requires more time
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Not quantitative
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Not quantitative
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Monoclonal antibody development in the laboratory is a time consuming and complex process
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Antibodies become significant days to weeks after development of symptoms; not suitable for acute disease and disease confirmation
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