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Table 3 Multivariable analyses of RFS and DSS of pathological variables and BVI and LVI (Cox proportional hazard method, n = 256*)

From: Tumor cell invasion in blood vessels assessed by immunohistochemistry is related to decreased survival in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy

Variables

Categories

Multivariable analysis RFS

Multivariable analysis DSS

  

HR (95%CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Gender

Female

1

 

1

 
 

Male

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

0.92

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

0.82

Age

40–68

1

 

1

 
 

69–76

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

0.90

1.4 (0.8–2.4)

0.21

 

77–88

0.6 (0.4–1.2)

0.13

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.71

Pathological stage

pT1 + 2

1

 

1

 
 

pT3 + 4

2.4 (1.5–3.9)

0.001

2.2 (1.3–3.7)

0.005

Nodal status

N0

1

 

1

 
 

N1–3

2.6 (1.7–3.9)

< 0.001

2.6 (1.7–4.1)

< 0.001

BVI

Negative

1

 

1

 
 

Positive

1.5 (1.0–2.3)

0.035

1.6 (1.0–2.4)

0.039

LVI

Negative

1

 

1

 
 

Positive

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.36

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

0.44

Surgical margins

Negative

1

 

1

 

Positive

1.9 (1.1–3.1)

0.016

1.8 (1.1–3.0)

0.027

Perioperative chemotherapy

No

1

 

1

 

Yes

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.65

0.9 (0.5–1.4

0.57

  1. Abbreviations: RFS recurrence free survival; DSS disease specific survival HR hazard ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence interval; BVI blood vessel invasion, LVI lymph vessel invasion. *; performed lymph node dissection