Table 2 Summary of previously reported cases of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder
Case No. | Author [ref.] | Year | Age (yr)/ sex | Tumor size (mm) | Invasion depth | Metastasis Lymph node Liver | Ki-67(%) / mitoses (/2mm2) | NEN component | no-NEN component | Surgery and/or chemotherapy | Outcome (months) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1972 | 51/F | Large | hinf | – | + | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with L | Death (NM) | |
2 | 1980 | 75/F | 60 × 35 × 20 | NM | – | – | NM | NEC | Undifferentiated carcinoma | Cholecystectomy | Death (13) | |
3 | Wada et al. [7] | 1983 | 56/M | 55 × 40 × 28 | ss | – | – | NM/rarely | NET | Papillary AC | Cholecystectomy with RL | Death (16) |
4 | Muto et al. [8] | 1984 | 80/M | 10 × 7 × 7 | ss | – | – | NM | NET, goblet cell adenocarcinoid | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and RL | Survival (24) |
5 | Masuo et al. [5] | 1984 | 74/M | NM | NM | – | + | NM | NEC | AC | Autopsy | Death (3) |
6 | 1984 | 47/F | 15 × 10 | ss | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy | Death (17) | |
7 | Haga et al. [5] | 1988 | 79/M | 35 | hinf | – | – | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Death (10) |
8 | Kurosaka et al. [5] | 1988 | 46/F | 40 | ss | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Survival (4) |
9 | Adachi et al. [9] | 1988 | 69/F | 55 × 30 | hinf | – | – | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Survival (12) |
10 | Yamamoto [6] | 1989 | 76/F | 25 × 25 | ss | – | – | NM/common | NEC | Well-differentiated AC | Cholecystectomy | RF (93) |
11 |  | 1989 | 77/F | Small polypoid | ss | – | – | NM/many | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy | RF (17) |
12 | Fish et al. [10] | 1990 | 77/F | 110 × 70 × 30 | T3 | NM | – | NM/18 | NEC | Moderately differentiated AC | Cholecystectomy with omentum resection | NM |
13 | Ohno et al. [5] | 1991 | 63/F | 140 | ss | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Death (9) |
14 | Cavazzana [11] | 1991 | 71/F | 50 × 30 × 30 | T3 | + | + | NM | SCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | Cholecystectomy with RL | Death (4) |
15 | Duan et al. [52] | 1991 | 70/M | 10 | ss | + | + | NM | SCNEC | AC | Autopsy | Death (1) |
16 | Lida [12] | 1992 | 62/F | 65 X 30 | H’inf | + | + | NM/frequently | SCNEC | AC, squamous cell carcinoma | Cholecystectomy with L | Death (5) |
17 | Ohmori et al. [13] | 1993 | 78/F | 40 × 30 | T3 | N2 | M1 | NM/frequently | NEC | AC | Autopsy | Death (1/4) |
18 | Murayama et al. [5] | 1997 | 68/F | 20 | se | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | cholecystectomy | Death (2) |
19 | Yokoyama et al. [5] | 1998 | 72/M | 25 | hinf | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Survival (7) |
20 | Kamisawa et al. [5] | 1998 | 48/F | 50 | hinf | + | + | NM | NEC | AC | Autopsy | NM |
21 | Furukawa et al. [5] | 1998 | 68/M | 35 | hinf | – | – | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Survival (18) |
22 | Moskal et al. [14] | 1999 | 69/F | NM | T3 | N2 | M0 | NM | SCNEC | Poorly differentiated AC | Chemotherapy, ERC | Death (44) |
23 | Â | 1999 | 40/M | NM | T2 | N1 | M0 | NM | SCNEC | Moderately differentiated AC | ERC, chemotherapy | Survival (189) |
24 | Â | 1999 | 71/F | NM | T2 | N2 | MI | NM | SCNEC | Poorly differentiated AC | Palliative surgery, chemotherapy | Death (13) |
25 | Papotti et al. [15] | 2000 | 50/M | Thickened GB wall | ss | – | – | 50/> 20 | LCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy | RF (12) |
26 | Sakaki et al. [16] | 2000 | 79/F | 33 × 20 × 16 | m | – | – | NM | SCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy | RF (8) |
27 | Eriguchi et al. [5] | 2000 | 81/F | 26 × 16 | ss | – | – | NM | NEC | Papillary AC, signet-ring cell carcinoma | Cholecystectomy | RF (8) |
28 | Yannakou [17] | 2001 | 72/F | 70 × 62 × 16 | hinf | + | – | NM/high rate. | NEC | Well-differentiated AC | Radical cholecystectomy | Death (2) |
29 | Maitra et al. [18] | 2001 | 85/F | 40 | mp | – | + | NM | SCNEC | AC | NM | Survival (13) |
30 | Â | 2001 | 77/F | 28 | T3 | + | + | NM | SCNEC | AC | NM | Survival (25) |
31 |  | 2001 | 73/F | 25 | mp | + | – | NM | SCNEC | AC | NM | Survival (7) |
32 |  | 2001 | 82/M | 10 | mp | – | + | NM | SCNEC | AC, squamous cell carcinoma | NM | Survival (8) |
33 | Piana et al. [19] | 2002 | 66/F | 18 | SS | – | – | NM/higher | SCNEC | Clear cell AC | Cholecystectomy, chemotherapy | Death (36) |
34 | Wakabayashi [20] | 2003 | 71/F | 100 | Se | – | – | NM | NEC | AC, squamous cell carcinoma | extended liver resection | Survival (36) |
35 | Okamoto et al. [21] | 2003 | 70/M | 37 × 22 | T3 | + | + | NM | SCNEC | Papillary AC | Chemotherapy, cholecystectomy with L | Survival (0.5) |
36 | Koea et al. [22] | 2004 | 68/F | MCN | se | + | – | NM | NEC | AC | Palliative surgery, chemotherapy | Death (6) |
37 | Mori et al. [20] | 2005 | 70/F | 36 × 15 | ss | + | – | NM | NEC | AC, squamous cell carcinoma | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | Survival (32) |
38 | Shimizu et al. [23] | 2006 | 58/M | 150 × 90 × 120 | hinf | NM | – | NM | SCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic trisegmentectomy | Death (4) |
39 | Noske [24] | 2006 | 81/F | 50 × 35 × 30 | T3 | N1 | M1 | NM | LCNEC | Adenosquamous carcinoma | Palliative surgery | NM |
40 | Tsuchiya et al. [25] | 2006 | 36/F | 10 × 8 | ss | – | – | NM | NEC | Papillary AC | ERC | RF (12) |
41 | Sośnic and Sośnic [26] | 2006 | 56/F | Thickened GB wall | hinf | – | – | NM | NEC | Papillary AC | Cholecystectomy with biliary-enteric anastomosis | Survival (0.3) |
42 | Hashimoto [27] | 2007 | 55/F | 18 × 12 × 5 | ss | – | – | NM | NEC | AC, mucinous AC | Radical cholecystectomy | Survival (18) |
43 | Oshiro et al. [28] | 2008 | 55/F | 49 × 45 | ss | – | – | 73.3/NM 62.5/NM | LCNEC SCNEC | AC | ERC | RF (20) |
44 | Iype et al. [29] | 2009 | 85/M | 14 × 15 | se | NM | + | NM | LCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy, chemotherapy | Death (21) |
45 | Taniguchi et al. [30] | 2009 | 62/M | 100 | T4 | + | – | NM | SCNEC | AC | Chemotherapy, autopsy | Death (8) |
46 | Sato et al. [31] | 2010 | 68/F | 35 | hinf | + | – | 72/> 50 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | cholecystectomy with L | RF (12) |
47 | Kim et al. [32] | 2011 | 48/F | 95×  93 × 65 | T3 | + | – | NM | SCNEC | Moderately differentiated AC | ERC and chemotherapy | RF (18) |
48 | Paniz Monodolfi [33] | 2011 | 48/F | 35 × 33 × 24 | hinf | + | + | NM/> 20 | LCNEC | Papillary AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection | NM |
49 | Harada et al. [34] | 2012 | 70/F | 35 × 25 | hinf | + | – | 12.3/59 | SCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | NM | NM |
50 |  | 2012 | 70/F | 45 × 10 | se | – | – | 32.3/137 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated papillary AC | NM | NM |
51 |  | 2012 | 70/F | 45 × 25 | T3 | – | – | 0.5/4 | NET G2 | Well-differentiated AC | NM | NM |
52 |  | 2012 | 60/F | 15 × 15 | ss | + | – | 28.5/95 | SCNEC | Well-differentiated papillary AC | NM | NM |
53 |  | 2012 | 50/F | 150 × 120 | hinf | + | – | 15.1/42 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | NM | NM |
54 | Song et al. [35] | 2012 | 55/F | 7 0 × 30 × 20 | T3 | – | – | > 80/> 20 | SCNEC | Moderately differentiated AC | Chemotherapy, radical cholecystectomy | RF (7) |
55 | Rastogi et al. [36] | 2012 | 48/F | Thickened GB wall | T3 | – | – | NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and L | NM |
56 | Fujii et al. [37] | 2012 | 72/F | 100 | T2b | N2 | M1 | 28/NM | SCNEC | AC | Chemotherapy, autopsy | Death (2) |
57 | Russo et al. [38] | 2012 | 59/F | 45 × 40 | hinf | + | + | NM/40 | LCNEC | Mucinous carcinoma | Cholecystectomy with L | Survival (24) |
58 | Al-Brahim [39] | 2013 | 45/M | 57 × 55 × 51 | T3 | + | + | > 95/50 | LCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy, chemotherapy | NM |
59 | Shintaku [40] | 2013 | 80/M | 82 × 53 × 50 | In situ | – | – | 18.7/6.2 | NET G2 | Well-differentiated AC, squamous cell carcinoma | Cholecystectomy with RL | RF (8) |
60 | Abe et al. [20] | 2013 | 81/F | 20 × 40 | ss | + | – | NM | NEC | AC, squamous cell carcinoma | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and RL | Survival (48) |
61 | Chen et al. [41] | 2014 | 34/F | 40 | T3 | + | – | > 50/NM | NEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and RL | Survival (4) |
62 | Meguro [42] | 2014 | 54/F | 90 × 60 | T2 | – | – | 80/NM | LCNEC | Poorly differentiated AC (ICPN) | ERC | RF (24) |
63 | Chatterjee et al. [43] | 2014 | 73/F | 15 × 6 × 6 | m | – | – | NM/> 60 | SCNEC | Moderately differentiated papillary AC | Cholecystectomy, chemoradiation | Survival (45) |
64 | Liu et al. [44] | 2015 | 63/F | 20 | T2a | – | – | > 80/NM | LCNEC | AC | Radical cholecystectomy | RF (12) |
65 | Acosta et al. [45] | 2015 | 55/F | 35 × 24 × 12 | se | + | – | NM/27 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | Cholecystectomy | NM |
66 | Kamboj et al. [46] | 2015 | 65/F | NM | T3 | – | + | NM | NEC | AC | Biopsy | Survival (2) |
67 | Azad et al. [47] | 2015 | 62/F | 20 × 20 | se | – | – | 15/NM | NEC | Moderately differentiated AC | Radical cholecystectomy | RF (24) |
68 | Jung et al. [48] | 2018 | 54/F | 43 × 40 | T3 | + | + | NM/33 | LCNEC | Adenosquamous carcinoma | Radical cholecystectomy, chemotherapy | Death (13) |
69 | Lin et al. [49] | 2018 | 43/F | 74×  56 | T3 | – | – | 85/NM | SCNEC | Poorly differentiated AC | Radical cholecystectomy, chemotherapy | Survival (21) |
70 | Ines et al. [3] | 2019 | 74/F | 61 | se | – | – | 95/83 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated AC | Cholecystectomy | Survival (7) |
71 | Skalický et al. [50] | 2019 | 56/F | 150 | T4 | + | + | 70/64 | SCNEC | AC | Cholecystectomy with L, chemotherapy | Survival (13) |
72 | Sciarra et al. [51] | 2020 | 66/F | 95 | m | – | – | NM | LCNEC | AC, ICPN | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and RL | NM |
73 | Present |  | 70/F | 70 × 50 | mp | + | – | 80/> 60 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated papillary AC | Cholecystectomy | Death (30) |
74 | Present |  | 64/F | 25 × 25 | ss | + | – | 80/> 60 | LCNEC | Well-differentiated papillary AC | Cholecystectomy with hepatic bed resection and RL | Survival (12) |