Table 3 Studies characteristics and the impact of CAIX on overall survival
Author(s) | Country | Patients (n) | Median follow up (months) | Cancer death n (%) | Subtype | Antibody for IHC/dilution | Scoring method | High CAIX Expression n (%) | Score range and location | Definition of positive | Tumour stage | Multivariate variables | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-value | HR estimation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alves et al 2019 [26] | Brazil | 176 | 73.9 | NA | Mixed BC | ab15086 1:200 | Percentage and intensity | 13 (7.4) | Score 0–6 Membranous | Score ≥ 3 | T1-4 N0-3 M0 | - | UV analysis NA | 0.143 | Reported in text |
Ozretic et al 2018 [25] | Croatia | 64 | 55.5 | 10 (15.6) | TNBC | ab15086 1:100 | Percentage and intensity | 49 (77) | NR Membranous | NA | NA | - | UV analysis NA | 0.493 | Reported in text |
Noh, Kim, and Koo 2014 [44] | South Korea | 334 | NA | 31 (9.3) | AR + /ER − BC | NA 1:100 | Percentage and intensity | 96 (28.7) | Score 0–6 Location not stated | Score ≥ 2 | T1-3 | T stage, LN status, histologic grade and CAIX expression | MV analysis 15.89 (1.82–131.6) | 0.010 | Reported in text |
Choi, Jung, and Koo 2013 [46] | South Korea | 276 | 67 | 23 (8.3) | Mixed BC | NA 1:100 | Intensity | 90 (32.6) | Score 0–3 Cytoplasmic | Score ≥ 2 | T1-3 N0-3 | - | UV analysis NA | 0.195 | Reported in text |
Currie et al 2013 [52] | New Zealand | 87 | NA | NA | Mixed BC | NA 1:1000 | Percentage and intensity | 43 (49) | Score 0–8 Membranous | Score ≥ 3 | NA | - | UV analysis NA | 0.91 | Reported in text |
Betof et al. 2012 [53] | USA | 209 | 99.6 | 32 (16.6) | Mixed BC based on CT | M75 NR | Percentage and intensity | 182 (88) | Score 0–300 Membranous and cytoplasmic | Score ≥ 50 | NA | NA | UV analysis 3.77 | 0.010 | Reported in text |
Kaya et al 2012 [54] | Turkey | 111 | 110 | NA | Group1:HR + , Her-2-ve Group 2:HR-, Her-2 + ve | H-120 1:100 | Absent or present | 62 (65) | 0–1 Membranous | Score ≥ 1 | T1-4 N0-3 M0 | - | UV analysis NA | 0.109 | Survival curve |
Beketic-Oreskovic et al. 2011 [23] | Croatia | 40 | 55.8 | 24 (60) | Mixed BC | NA 1:100 | Percentage and intensity | 24 (60) | Score 1–3 Membranous and cytoplasmic | Score > 52.5 | NA | Necrosis, tumour size, LN status, histological grade and CAIX expression | MV analysis 4.14 (1.28–13.35) | 0.018 | Reported in text |
Jubb et al 2010 [56] | United Kingdom | 151 | 120 | NA | Mixed BC | M75 NA | Percentage | 49 (32) | 0–100 Membranous and cytoplasmic |  > 10% | NA | - | UV analysis 0.88 (0.43–1.81) | 0.73 | Reported in text |
Lancashire et al 2010 [48] | United Kingdom | 244 | 67 | NA | Mixed BC (n = 160) | Abcam 15,086 1:2,500 | Absent or present | 29 (18.1) | 0–1 Membranous | Score ≥ 1 | NA | - | UV analysis NA | 0.085 | Reported in text |
Tan et al 2009 [15] | UK and Australia | 182 | 131.9 | 99 (21.7) | Mixed BC treated with CT (182) | NA | Percentage | 59 (14) | 0–100 Membranous |  ≥ 10% | NA | LN status, tumour grade, tumour size and CAIX expression | MV analysis 3.20 (1.79–5.70) |  < 0.001 | Reported in text |
Kyndi et al 2008 [24] | Denmark | 945 | 204 | NA | Mixed BC | M75 1:2,500 | Percentage | 151 (16) | 0–100 Membranous |  ≥ 10% | NA | LN status, tumour size, grade, HR and Her-2 status, menopausal status/systemic treatment | UV analysis 1.30 (1.06–1.60) | NA | Reported In text |
Hussain et al 2007 [22] | United Kingdom | 144 | 48 | 28 (19.4) | Mixed BC | M75 1:100 | Intensity and pattern | 37 (26) | Score 1–5 Membranous | Score ≥ 2 | NR | Vascular invasion and CAIX expression | MV analysis 2.43 (1.07–5.53) | 0.035 | Reported in text |
Brennan et al 2006 [50] | Sweden | 400 | 166.8 | NA | Mixed BC 1–3 + ve LN Premenopausal | M75 1:2000 | Absent or present | 42 (11) | 0–1 Membranous |  ≥ 1% | II | NA | UV analysis NA | 0.022 | Reported in text |
Generali et al 2006b [10] | Italy and UK | 169 | NR | 21 (11.5) | Mixed BC | M75 1:50 | Intensity | 41 (24) | Score 0–2 Location not stated | Score ≥ 1 | T2–4 N0–1 | NA | UV analysis NA | 0.001 | Reported in text |
Chia et al. 2001 [13] | United Kingdom | 103 | 74.4 | 32 (31) | Mixed BC | M75 1:50 | Percentage and intensity | 49 (48) | Score 0–300 Membranous | Score ≥ 50 | NA | LN status, grade, size, ER, necrosis and CAIX expression | MV analysis 2.61 (1.01–6.75) | 0.05 | Reported In text |