Articles

A novel GIT2-BRAF fusion in pilocytic astrocytoma

KIAA1549-BRAF fusion is the most common genetic event in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), and leads to activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Fusions o...

Authors: Jeffrey Helgager, Hart G. Lidov, Navin R. Mahadevan, Mark W. Kieran, Keith L. Ligon and Sanda Alexandrescu

p53 aberrations in low grade endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium with nodal metastases: possible insights on pathogenesis discerned from immunohistochemistry

TP53 mutations are rarely identified in low grade endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium, and their pathogenic significance in such tumors is evidenced by the fact that TP53 aberrat...

Authors: Oluwole Fadare and Vinita Parkash

Automated quantification of steatosis: agreement with stereological point counting

Steatosis is routinely assessed histologically in clinical practice and research. Automated image analysis can reduce the effort of quantifying steatosis. Since reproducibility is essential for practical use, ...

Authors: André Homeyer, Patrik Nasr, Christiane Engel, Stergios Kechagias, Peter Lundberg, Mattias Ekstedt, Henning Kost, Nick Weiss, Tim Palmer, Horst Karl Hahn, Darren Treanor and Claes Lundström

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen in a patient with Maffucci syndrome: a case report and review of literature

Maffucci syndrome is a congenital, non-hereditary mesodermal dysplasia characterized by multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas. The presence of visceral vascular lesions in this syndrome is exceedingly rare.

Authors: Xiao-Dan Huang, Hao-Sen Jiao, Zheng Yang, Chuang-Qi Chen, Yu-Long He and Xin-Hua Zhang

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid in the colon and rectum: a case series and historical review

Composite intestinal adenoma-microcarcinoid (CIAM) is a rare colorectal lesion that mostly comprises a conventional adenomatous component with a minute proportion of neuroendocrine (NE) component. Although mic...

Authors: Mi-Jung Kim, Eun-Jung Lee, Do Sun Kim, Doo Han Lee, Eui Gon Youk and Hyun-Jung Kim

Renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis to the breast ten years after nephrectomy: a case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, skeleton or liver. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the breast is very rare, especially for clear cell carcinoma, and few cases regarding this co...

Authors: Yanjun Xu, Rui Hou, Qijie Lu, Yifan Deng and Bin Hu

Complete mimicry: a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma masquerading as acute leukemia

A small number of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cases involve the bone marrow. A leukemic presentation of RMS has been reported in a few case series, although almost all cases of leukemic RMS are not completely mimic...

Authors: Osamu Imataki, Makiko Uemura, Shumpei Uchida, Shigeyuki Yokokura, Akihiro Takeuchi, Ryo Ishikawa, Akihiro Kondo, Kayoko Seo and Norimitsu Kadowaki

Renal cell -like carcinoma of the nasal cavity: a case report and review of the literature

Sinonasal renal cell-like carcinoma (SRCLC) is an extremely rare low malignant tumor arising in the sinonasal tract, with histological mimicry of renal cell carcinoma.

Authors: Zhenwei-Chen, Zhaoming-Wang, Hongqi-Shi and Qinwei-Liu

Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery and aneurysm formation resulting from segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report

Spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can lead to bowel ischemia, aneurysm rupture, or even death. Studies have suggested that mechanical or hemodynamic stress on the vascular...

Authors: Nobuhiro Akuzawa, Makoto Kurabayashi, Tsukasa Suzuki, Daisuke Yoshinari, Mitsunobu Kobayashi, Yoshifumi Tanahashi, Fujio Makita and Ryusei Saito

Mass-like Dieulafoy’s lesion associated with advanced gastric cancer at the antrum of stomach: a case report and literature review

Dieulafoy’s lesion, also known as a caliber-persistent artery, is a shallow, small, and rare lesion that occurs along the lesser curvature of proximal stomach. It is rare for a Dieulafoy’s lesion to present as...

Authors: Hsi-Lan Huang, Chi Yan Leung and Chien-Jui Cheng

cMYC expression in thyroid follicular cell-derived carcinomas: a role in thyroid tumorigenesis

cMYC regulates approximately 15% of human genes and is involved in up to 20% of all human cancers. Reports discussing cMYC protein expression in thyroid carcinomas are limited, with co...

Authors: Hany I. Sakr, Deborah J. Chute, Christian Nasr and Charles D. Sturgis

PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are correlated with distinctive clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown efficacy in several types of cancers. However, the correlation between PD-L1/PD-1 expression and the specific clinicopathological features in papillary...

Authors: Yanhua Bai, Dongfeng Niu, Xiaozheng Huang, Ling Jia, Qiang Kang, Fangyuan Dou, Xinqiang Ji, Weicheng Xue, Yiqiang Liu, Zhongwu Li, Qin Feng, Dongmei Lin and Kennichi Kakudo

Primary paranasal sinus hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma: a case report

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare low-grade tumour of salivary glands that was first described as a distinct entity in 1994 by Milchgrub et al. EWSR1-ATF1 fusion was found to be specific for this ...

Authors: Batool M. AlAli, Mohammed J. Alyousef, Ahmad Salah Kamel, Mohammad A. Al hamad, Mohammad H. Al-Bar and Roaa M. Algowiez

Data integration from pathology slides for quantitative imaging of multiple cell types within the tumor immune cell infiltrate

Immune cell infiltrates (ICI) of tumors are scored by pathologists around tumor glands. To obtain a better understanding of the immune infiltrate, individual immune cell types, their activation states and loca...

Authors: Zhaoxuan Ma, Stephen L. Shiao, Emi J. Yoshida, Steven Swartwood, Fangjin Huang, Michael E. Doche, Alice P. Chung, Beatrice S. Knudsen and Arkadiusz Gertych

ALK-positive gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in an adult with familial adenomatous polyposis and diffuse fundic polyposis

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the stomach is extremely rare in adults and exhibits a variable biological behavior that ranges from frequently benign lesions to more aggressive variants. Here we r...

Authors: Jun Fan, Bo Huang, Xiuping Yang, Ming Yang, Jun He and Xiu Nie

Retraction Note: Astragalus saponins affect proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells

Authors: Tao Wang, Xiaoyan Xuan, Min Li, Ping Gao, Yuling Zheng, Wenqiao Zang and Guoqiang Zhao

Computer-assisted stereology and automated image analysis for quantification of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colon cancer

Precise prognostic and predictive variables allowing improved post-operative treatment stratification are missing in patients treated for stage II colon cancer (CC). Investigation of tumor infiltrating lymphoc...

Authors: Ann C. Eriksen, Johnnie B. Andersen, Martin Kristensson, René dePont Christensen, Torben F. Hansen, Sanne Kjær-Frifeldt and Flemming B. Sørensen

Immunohistochemical staining with non-phospho β-catenin as a diagnostic and prognostic tool of COX-2 inhibitor therapy for patients with extra-peritoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis

Immunohistochemical staining with conventional anti-β-catenin antibody has been applied as a diagnostic tool for desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value...

Authors: Tomohisa Sakai, Yoshihiro Nishida, Shunsuke Hamada, Hiroshi Koike, Kunihiro Ikuta, Takehiro Ota and Naoki Ishiguro

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus with intracystic growth completely confined to the myometrium: a case report and literature review

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA) is a rare tumor believed to arise from mesonephric remnants occurring mostly in the uterine cervix and, to a lesser extent, the corpus. Since the first case report of MA in the ...

Authors: Hiroka Ando, Yuko Watanabe, Minori Ogawa, Hiromi Tamura, Tomomi Deguchi, Kayo Ikeda, Mayumi Fujitani, Mitsunori Shioji, Tomoko Tsujie, Reiko Doi, Akinori Wakimoto and Shiro Adachi

A case of intravascular large B cell lymphoma presenting as nodular goiter

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is rare and highly aggressive and that may progressively involve many organs. CNS (central nervous system...

Authors: Bo Luo, Jia-mei Chen, Jie Liu, Wen-he Li, Yu-xiang Shi, Pan Zeng, Yong-hui Xie and Hong-feng Zhang

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung with KRAS/BRAF/AKT1 mutation

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are newly recognized rare peripheral lung nodules that are histologically characterized by ciliated columnar, goblet, and basal cells. Although recent studies have...

Authors: Emiko Udo, Bungo Furusato, Kazuko Sakai, Leah M Prentice, Tomonori Tanaka, Yuka Kitamura, Tomoshi Tsuchiya, Naoya Yamasaki, Takeshi Nagayasu, Kazuto Nishio and Junya Fukuoka

Abernethy malformation associated with Caroli’s syndrome in a patient with a PKHD1 mutation: a case report

Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital anomaly characterised by the partial or complete absence of the portal vein and the subsequent development of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Caroli’s disease i...

Authors: Xiao-xiao Mi, Xiao-guang Li, Zi-rong Wang, Ling Lin, Chun-hai Xu and Jun-ping Shi

Pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma with lymphatic differentiation arisen after radiometabolic therapy for thyroid carcinoma: immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature

Pleural angiosarcoma is a rare tumor that causes diffuse pleural thickening and effusion, mimicking mesothelioma. Immunohistochemistry is needed to highlight endothelial differentiation. We describe the first ...

Authors: Daniela Cabibi, Giulia Pipitone, Rossana Porcasi, Sabrina Ingrao, Ignazio Benza, Calogero Porrello, Massimo Cajozzo and Antonino Giulio Giannone

Gene expression profiling in uveal melanoma: technical reliability and correlation of molecular class with pathologic characteristics

A 15-gene expression profile test has been clinically validated and is widely utilized in newly diagnosed uveal melanoma (UM) patients to assess metastatic potential of the tumor. As most patients are treated ...

Authors: Kristen M. Plasseraud, Jeff K. Wilkinson, Kristen M. Oelschlager, Trisha M. Poteet, Robert W. Cook, John F. Stone and Federico A. Monzon

Localized amyloidosis of the epididymis: a previously unreported phenomenon

Localized amyloidosis has not been documented in the epididymis; we report this phenomenon for the first time.

Authors: Lucio Díaz-Flores, Ricardo Gutiérrez, Ma. del Pino García, Manuel Jose Gayoso, Jose Luis Carrasco, Lucio Díaz-Flores Jr and Hugo Álvarez-Argüelles

Pancreatic gangliocytic paraganglioma harboring lymph node metastasis: a case report and literature review

Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm, which occurs mostly in the periampullary portion of the duodenum; the majority of the reported cases of duodenal GP has been of benign nature ...

Authors: Keisuke Nonaka, Yoko Matsuda, Akira Okaniwa, Atsuko Kasajima, Hironobu Sasano and Tomio Arai

Variation of stemness markers expression in tumor nodules from synchronous multi-focal hepatocellular carcinoma – an immunohistochemical study

Advancing knowledge in molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) opens up new horizons in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic perspectives. Assessing the expression of molecular targets p...

Authors: Regina Cheuk-lam Lo, Carmen Oi-ning Leung, Kenneth Siu-ho Chok and Irene Oi-lin Ng

Detection of 22 common leukemic fusion genes using a single-step multiplex qRT-PCR-based assay

Fusion genes generated from chromosomal translocation play an important role in hematological malignancies. Detection of fusion genes currently employ use of either conventional RT-PCR methods or fluorescent i...

Authors: Xiaodong Lyu, Xianwei Wang, Lina Zhang, Zhenzhu Chen, Yu Zhao, Jieying Hu, Ruihua Fan and Yongping Song

Level of mitoses in non-muscle invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (pTa and pT1) at initial bladder biopsy is a simple and powerful predictor of clinical outcome: a multi-center study in South Korea

Histologic grade is the most important predictor of the clinical outcome of non-muscle invasive (Ta, T1) papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUCa), but its ambiguous criteria diminish its power to predict recur...

Authors: Ji Eun Kwon, Nam Hoon Cho, Yeong-Jin Choi, So Dug Lim, Yong Mee Cho, Sun Young Jun, Sanghui Park, Young A. Kim, Sung-Sun Kim, Mi Sun Choe, Jung-dong Lee, Dae Yong Kang, Jae Y. Ro and Hyun-Jung Kim

Retraction Note: The microRNA-1246 promotes metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein

Authors: Weihua Huang, Huifen Li and Rongcheng Luo

Pancreatic metastasis from invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast: a rare case report

Invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) is an aggressive subtype of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, which has its own histopathological and biological features. The metastatic patterns for PLC a...

Authors: Xiangjie Sun, Ke Zuo, Dan Huang, Baohua Yu, Yufan Cheng and Wentao Yang

GATA3 is a sensitive marker for primary genital extramammary paget disease: an immunohistochemical study of 72 cases with comparison to gross cystic disease fluid protein 15

GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been identified as a sensitive marker for breast carcinoma but its sensitivity in primary genital extramammary Paget diseases (EMPDs) has not been well studied.

Authors: Ming Zhao, Lixin Zhou, Li Sun, Yan Song, Yunquan Guo, Xun Zhang, Feng Zhao, Peng Wang, Junqiu Yue, Dongfeng Niu, Zhongwu Li, Xiaozheng Huang, Qiang Kang, Lin Jia, Jinping Lai and Dengfeng Cao

A rare case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor in prostate with review of the literature

Solitary fibrous tumor is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm with intermediate biological behavior, which rarely metastasizes. Malignant solitary fibrous tumor, although not clearly defined, is rarely described ...

Authors: Andrea Ronchi, Elvira La Mantia, Vincenzo Gigantino, Sisto Perdonà, Marco De Sio, Gaetano Facchini, Renato Franco and Annarosaria De Chiara

Individual and co-expression patterns of nerve growth factor and heme oxygenase-1 predict shorter survival of gastric carcinoma patients

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor which regulates cell development and proliferation. Recently, it has been suggested that NGF induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression, and that both NGF and ...

Authors: Sang Jae Noh, Kyoung Min Kim and Kyu Yun Jang

Heterotopic pancreas in the omphalomesenteric duct remnant in a 9-month-old girl: a case report and literature review

Heterotopic pancreas most commonly occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract of adults, usually as an incidental finding. It seldom occurs at the umbilicus, and even rarely in the pediatric age group.

Authors: Zitong Zhao, Chiang Khi Sim and Sangeeta Mantoo

Identification and in silico characterization of p.G380R substitution in FGFR3, associated with achondroplasia in a non-consanguineous Pakistani family

The dimerization efficiency of FGFR3 transmembrane domain plays a critical role in the formation of a normal skeleton through the negative regulation of bone development. Recently, gain-of-function mutations i...

Authors: Muhammad Ajmal, Asif Mir, Muhammad Shoaib, Salman Akbar Malik and Muhammad Nasir

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in a significant number of the uterine cervical carcinomas

The programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune regulatory axis has emerged as a promising new target for cancer therapeutics, with lasting responses seen in the treatment of metastatic re...

Authors: Opal L. Reddy, Peter I. Shintaku and Neda A. Moatamed

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia or extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma? a case with nasal involvement

Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma (ANKL) is a rare and highly aggressive NK cell neoplasm with a short clinical course and poor prognosis and is often misdiagnosed and confused with NK/T cell ly...

Authors: Xiaoke Jin, Youhai Xu, Jun Zhang, Guangxi Li, Dongping Huang, Yuqiong Yang and Hesheng He

A comparison of gene expression profiles in patients with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, and their coexisting conditions

To support a hypothesis that there is an intrinsic interplay between coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we used RNA-seq to identify unique gene expression signatures of CAD, T2D, and coex...

Authors: Rui Gong, Menghui Chen, Cuizhao Zhang, Manli Chen and Haibin Li

HNF4A expression as a potential diagnostic tool to discriminate primary gastric cancer from breast cancer metastasis in a Brazilian cohort

Among the many challenges in cancer diagnosis is the early distinction between metastatic cancer and a secondary tumor. This difficulty stems from the lack of markers that offer high sensitivity and specificit...

Authors: Patrícia Chaves de Freitas Campos Jucá, Stephany Corrêa, Giselle Maria Vignal, Maria Theresa de Souza Accioly, Suzana Angélica Silva Lustosa, Eliana Abdelhay and Delcio Matos

Expression of signaling adaptor proteins predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Adaptor proteins bridge the gap between cell surface receptors and their downstream signaling elements. The clinicopathological and prognostic values of adaptor proteins remain poorly understood. The purpose o...

Authors: Lili Wang, Junliang Lu, Huanwen Wu, Li Wang, Xiaolong Liang, Zhiyong Liang and Tonghua Liu

Tumor containing fragment number influences immunohistochemistry positive rate of HER2 in biopsy specimens of gastric cancer

HER2 assessment in biopsy specimens of gastric cancer (GC) is challenging because of the intratumoral heterogeneity. False negative results may be get because of limited biopsy material. The aim of this study ...

Authors: Chen Xu, Yalan Liu, Xiaowen Ge, Dongxian Jiang, Ying Zhang, Yuan Ji, Jun Hou, Jie Huang, Jieakesu Su, Haiying Zeng, Jing Qin and Yingyong Hou

Erratum to: Cytokeratin7 and cytokeratin19 expression in high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma and their possible association in cervical carcinogenesis

Authors: Hojung Lee, Hyekyung Lee and Yong Kyun Cho

Intestinal differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with sporadic MSI high status: a case report

Intestinal differentiation of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus is exceedingly rare in comparison to the approximately 25% rate in endocervical and ovarian mucinous carcinoma. Additionally,...

Authors: Mafalda Trippel, Sara Imboden, Andrea Papadia, Michael D. Mueller, Nando Mertineit, Kirsi Härmä, Alina Nicolae, Erik Vassella and Tilman T. Rau

Rapid development of metastatic pulmonary calcifications in primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report and literature review

Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is rarely reported in primary hyperparathyroidism, especially MPC develops quickly. We report such a case here with a literature review.

Authors: Hui-ming Sun, Fei Chen, Hong-lin Yin, Xiao-yong Xu, Hong-bing Liu and Bei-lei Zhao

Primary Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the ileum: case report of a 16-year-old Chinese female and literature review

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are closely related tumors. Although soft tissue ES/PNET are common in clinical practice, they are rare in the small intestine. Because of the a...

Authors: Teng Li, Fang Zhang, Yarui Cao, Shoubin Ning, Yongmin Bi, Weicheng Xue and Li Ren

Primary extragenital endometrial stromal sarcoma of the lung: first reported case and review of literature

Endometrial stromal sarcomas arising in extrauterine and extraovarian sites, in the absence of a primary uterine lesion are quite rare, especially in the absence of endometriosis. They usually present as an ab...

Authors: Lara Alessandrini, Francesco Sopracordevole, Giulio Bertola, Simona Scalone, Martina Urbani, Gianmaria Miolo, Tiziana Perin, Fabrizio Italia and Vincenzo Canzonieri

Primary follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the urinary bladder: the first case report and potential diagnostic pitfalls

Extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a very rare malignancy with a variable clinical course. It is often not considered and has the potential to result in a misdiagnosis of other common sarco...

Authors: Guang-Jie Duan, You-Li Wu, Hui Sun, Lang Lang, Zhi-Wen Chen and Xiao-Chu Yan

Case report: ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma metastatic to the liver in a patient with a history of atypical pituitary adenoma and Cushing’s disease

Pituitary carcinoma is a rare entity requiring the presence of metastasis to confirm its malignant potential. We report a case of pituitary carcinoma and discuss the diagnosis and management of this lesion in ...

Authors: Amy S. Joehlin-Price, Douglas A. Hardesty, Christina A. Arnold, Lawrence S. Kirschner, Daniel M. Prevedello and Norman L. Lehman

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) promoter methylation and expression in pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a benign primary tumor that arises from the pituitary gland and is associated with ophthalmological, neurological and endocrinological abnormalities. However, causes that increase tum...

Authors: Paulina Vaitkiene, Indre Valiulyte, Brigita Glebauskiene and Rasa Liutkeviciene