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Table 4 Historical control autopsy brain cases

From: Acute neutrophilic vasculitis (leukocytoclasia) in 36 COVID-19 autopsy brains

Case no.

Age (yr)/Sex

Major clinical and autopsy diagnoses; positive blood cultures

Ventilator use (da)

Anti-coagulation treatment

Karyorrhectic CNS small blood vessels

Hospital survival (da)

1

61/M

HTN, DM2, obesity, DLE, lung abscess; diphtheroids

Acutely

Enoxaparin

Yes

3

2

64/F

HTN, DM, COPD, IHD, obesity, cancer; Acinetobacter baumannnii, diphtheroids

2

Enoxaparin

No

2

3

70/F

HTN, obesity, clinical remote stroke; Klebsiella pneumoniae

N/R

Warfarin, enoxaparin

Yes

4

4

53/F

HTN, DM2, IHD, obesity; Clostridium perfringens, α-hemolytic Streptococcus

Acutely

N/R

Yes

0.2

5

66/F

HTN, DM, IHD, obesity, remote stroke NCH; Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas mirabilis

N/R

Aspirin, apixaban

Yes

1

6

52/M

HTN, DM, IHD, CRD, pancreatitis; Klebsiella pneumoniae

Acutely

N/R

No

9

7

61/F

HTN, obesity, cancer, PE; Enterococcus gallinarum

E/P

Heparin, enoxaparin

Yes

11

8

69/F

HTN, BD, basal ganglia hemorrhage; K. pneumoniae

Acutely

N/R

No

0.2

9

65/F

HTN, COPD, focal frontal lobe perivascular brain hemorrhage; diphtheroids

Acutely

Heparin

No

0.04

10

57/M

DM2, PE

Acutely

Enoxaparin, tPA

No

2

11

35/M

Obesity, epilepsy, frontotemporal FCD

Acutely

N/R

No

0.04

12

38/M

Obesity, aortic dissection, PE

N/R

Heparin, tPA

Yes

12

13

39/M

HCV, Lyme disease, SAD, CAH, cervical spinal epidural abscesses; Staphylococcus aureus

N/R

N/R

Yes

6

14

47/F

HTN, DM2, IHD, COPD, obesity, congenital heart disease

N/R

tPA

No

0.6

15

86/F

HTN, cancer, CRD, aortic dissection, small remote basal ganglia infarcts; Staphylococcus aureus, α-hemolytic Streptococcus

Acutely

N/R

No

0.02

16

91/F

HTN, IHD, CRD, BD, schizophrenia, stroke NCH; K. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens

Acutely

N/R

Yes

0.04

17

63/M

HTN, IHD, BD, DVT, PE, 0.5-cm left frontal remote infarct

E/P

Enoxaparin

Yes

11

18

59/F

HTN, arthritis, gastric ulcers, sepsis, intestinal and gall bladder necrosis; Candida glabrata

E/P

N/R

No

2

19

58/M

HTN, cancer

N/R

Heparin

No

8

20

60/M

Obesity, SAD, hepatic cirrhosis, thrombocytopenia; Candida albicans

2

Aspirin

No

4

21

71/M

HTN, DM2, IHD, obesity, cancer, CRD

Acutely

Aspirin

No

6

  1. Historical case data in order of 2019 autopsy case accession selected for age and comorbidities
  2. Ethnicity: African American = 17; Caucasian = 3; Hispanic = 1
  3. Abbreviations: HTN, systemic hypertension; DM2, diabetes mellitus type 2; DLE, discoid lupus erythematosus; DM, diabetes mellitus untyped; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; N/R, none recorded; NCH, not confirmed histopathologically; CRD, chronic renal disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; E/P, episodic/procedural; BD, bipolar disorder; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; HCV, hepatitis C virus infection; SAD, substance abuse disorder; CAH, chronic active hepatitis; DVT, deep vein thrombosis