Table 1 Study characteristics of published cohort and case–control studies on egg intake and ovarian cancer
Author publication year | Country | Study period | Study design | No. of subjects | Cases | FFQ used for dietary assessment | Confounders for adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
La Vecchia C1987 | Italy | 1979-1986 | Hospital-based case–control study | 1,380 | 445 | Yes | Age, interviewer, marital status, social class, education, parity, age at first birth, age at menarche, menopausal status, age at menopause, BMI, oral contraceptive and other female hormone use, retinol and carotene indices, added score of fat consumption and alcohol intake |
Engle A 1991 | USA | 1984-1989 | Hospital-based case–control study | 212 | 72 | Yes | Age and smoking status |
Fairfield KM 2001 | USA | 1976-1996 | Population-based cohort study | 80,326 | 527 | Yes | Age, BMI, duration of oral contraception use, smoking history, parity, history of tubal ligation, total energy, and dietary fiber |
Zhang M 2002 | China | 1999–2000 | Hospital-based case–control study | 906 | 254 | Yes | Age at interview, education, living area, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, tea drinking, family income, marital and menopause status, parity, tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use, physical activity, family history of ovarian cancer, total energy intake, fruit, milk, fish, meat, egg intake |
Pan SY 2004 | Canada | 1994-1997 | Case–control study population-based | 2,577 | 442 | Yes | Age, province of residence, education, alcohol consumption, cigarette pack-years, BMI, total caloric intake, recreational physical activity, number of live births, menstruation years, and menopause status |
Larsson SC 2004 | Sweden | 1987–1990 | Population-based cohort study | 61,084 | 266 | Yes | Age, BMI, educational level, parity, oral contraceptive use, fish consumption, and dietary lactose intake, consumption of total fruit |
Mommers M 2005 | Netherlands | 1986-1997 | Population-based cohort study | 62,573 | 252 | Yes | Age, height, current cigarette smoker, duration of cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, duration of oral contraceptive use, parity, total fruit intake; total vegetable intake; all individual fruit or vegetable items listed for all other individual fruit or vegetable item |
Sakauchi F 2007 | Japan | 1988-2003 | Population-based cohort study | 64,327 | 54 | Yes | Age, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, history of sex hormone use, BMI, physical activity, and education |
Chang ET 2007 | USA | 1995-2003 | Population-based cohort study | 97,275 | 280 | Yes | Age, race, total energy intake, parity, oral contraceptive use, strenuous exercise, wine consumption, and menopausal status/hormone therapy use |
Kolahdooz F 2009 | Australia | 1990-1993 | Population-based case–control study | 1,460 | 683 | Yes | Age, oral contraceptive use, parity, education after high school, and energy intake |
Bosetti C 2012 | Italy and Switzerland | 1991-2009 | Hospital-based case–control study | 3,442 | 1,031 | Yes | Age, study center, year of interview, education, BMI, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and total energy intake |