Table 3 Clinical and pathological summary of our case and 13 previously reported cases of epignathus with intracranial tumor. Earlier cases (1861–1963) were presented in the report by Y. Hosoda [14]
Author | year | Mother | Autosite | Epignathus | Connection | Intracranial tumor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wegelin [14] | 1861 | para 1 | 6 fetal mo., m. | 8x10x6 cm. tridermal, feet with toes | sella turcica & crista galli | 4 cysts in the base of skull |
Breslau & Rindfleisch [14] | 1864 | 28 y-o., para 1, polyhydroamnion | 23–24 fetal w., f., B.W. 1548 g | fist-sized, mouth, eyes, extremities, Foetus in foetu | hypophyseal area, 8–10 cm stalk | tumor with extremities & umbilicus |
Arnold [14] | 1870 | 28 y-o., para 3 | 6 fetal mo., f., B.W. 1550 g | tridermal | sella turcica, 1 cm in diameter, consisted of glial tissue | 5 cm in diameter, reached to right temporal scale, neuroglial |
Müller [14] | 1881 | no information | full term, 6 days survived | 23 cm in length, left oral cavity, broad based, ecto- & meso-derm | none | Walnut-sized, right middle cranial fossa, connective tissue & capillaries |
Schükry [14] | 1923 | no information | 7 fetal mo., f., cleft palate | chestnut-sized, pharynx, tridermal | sella turcica, firm fibrous tissue | right side of sella turcica, tridermal |
Kraus [14] | 1929 | no information | premature, f., B.L. 42 cm | 37 × 30 mm, intraoral, tridermal | craniopharyngeal canal, 7–8 mm in length, 4.5 mm in width | 12x18x15 mm, sella turcica, tridermal |
Ehrich [14] | 1945 | 18 y-o., primipara, polyhydroamnion | 5 fetal mo., still born, f., B.W. 1760 g, large head | 5x8x4 cm, ecto- & meso-derm, pharynz | brain tissue in sphenoid bone | filling the cranial cavity, tridermal |
Hosoda [14] | 1963 | 26 y-o., gravidae iv, para 0 | 36 fetal w., f., B.W. 1950 g | 6.5 × 3.5 × 2.0 cm, polypoid tumor hanging down from the upper lip, ecto- & meso-derm | no direct connection | anterior cranial fossa, 5 mm anterior to the sella turcica, spherical tumor, 4 × 3.5 × 2.8 cm, tridermal |
Smith [15] | 1993 | 30 y-o., para 3 | 29 fetal w., aborted., f., B.W. 1330 g | 3.5 cm in diameter, oral tumor attached to the hard palate in the midline, tridermal | tumor was in continuity, via a narrow defect in the hard palate, sphenoid bone, third ventricle, extending to the lateral ventricles | central tumour mass separating the temporal lobes, which progected rostrally between dilated lateral ventricles, partly replacing the septum pellucidum |
Smith [15] | 1993 | 28 y-o., para 1, polyhydroamnion | 18 fetal w., aborted., f. | 2 cm in diameter, slightly gelatinous nodule protruding ftom the right upper lip and attached to the right maxilla, tridermal | narrow cord which traversed the nasal bones and entered the cranial cavity in the region of the pituitary fossa and direct communication with the mass in the frontal lobes. | partly cystic, lobular mass replacing the frontal. Predominantly neuroglial, with prominent ependymal rosettes |
Johnston [10] | 2007 | no information | 38 fetal w., m., | 4 × 5 cm, midline oropharyngeal mass protruding through a cleft deformity | none | anterior and middle cranial fossae |
Calda [17] | 2010 | 29 y-o., primigravida | 20 fetal w., aborted., f., B.W. 310 g | 2 cm in diameter, lobulated round vascular mass, visible trhough the open oral cavity, tridermal | none | 13x10x7 mm, neuroepithelial intracranial cyst |
Wang [12] | 2017 | 31 y-o., primagravida | 17 fetal w., aborted, m., 355 g | 6.7 × 6.5 × 5.0 cm, protruding from the right maxillofacial region, tridermal | directly growing upward | middle and posterior cranial fossa, 3.5 cm in diameter, tridermal |
Our case | 2018 | 32 y-o., 3 gravida para 2 | 27 fetal w., stillborn, f., 1228 g | 12x6x6 cm, 270 g, solid and multicystic tumor, based on the soft palate and protruding from mouth | the right side of the sella turcica, 2 mm in diameter | middle cranial fossa, capsuled tumor, 24 g, no direct invasion to the brain |