A primary neuroendocrine tumor of the left ventricle presenting with diarrhea—an unusual experience and literature review

Table 1 Clinicopathologic features of primary cardiac neuroendocrine neoplasms

NO./Ref.	Sex/age	Location	Symptoms	Operation/Treatment	IHC	Histological classification	Follow-up
1 [6]	M/50	LV and RV	Chest pain	Chemotherapy+Heart transplantation	CK⁺, CD56⁺, SYN⁺, CGA⁺, P53⁺	G3	Multiple metastases 11 month post operation
2 [7]	M/54	LA	Syncope and hypotension	Local biopsy+ chemotherapy	CD99⁺, CD56⁺, CD57⁺, NSE⁺, SYN⁺, CK^+,; S100⁻, CGA⁻, TTF1⁻	G3	Alive but multiple metastases 1 year later
3 [8]	F/68	RV	Heart failure and cyanosis	Surgical tumour resection+chemotherapy	No provide	G2	Asymptomatic at a 9-month follow-up visit
4 [9]	M/70	RA	Progressive dyspnea	Palliative surgical tumour resection+radiation therapy	CK⁺, CK20⁺, SYN⁺ vimentin⁺; CK7⁻, PSA⁻, Melan-A⁻, LCA⁻, CGA⁻	G3	Multiple metastases and died 18 months postoperatively
5 [10]	F/68	LV	Asymptomatic	Surgical tumour resection	SYN⁺, CGA⁺, CAM5.2⁺	G1	Asymptomatic at 6-month clinic follow-up
6^a	F/51	LV	Diarrhea	Surgical tumour resection	SYN⁺, CGA⁺, CD56⁺, CK⁺, NSE⁺, Ki-67 2%; TTF1⁻, CDX2⁻, PAX-8⁻, CD20⁻, S100⁻	G1	Asymptomatic at a 9 month follow-up visit

^a: Present case; LV Left ventricle, RV Right ventricle, RA Right atrium, LA Left atrial, F Female, M Man, IHC Immunohistochemistry

ISSN: 1746-1596