Fig. 1

Integrin-targeted exosome trafficking to vascular endothelial cells and tissue ECM, which leads to the remodeling of cancer and immune cell homing niches. (a) Integrin α4β7-expresing T cell exosomes target HEVs in the gut, where they diminish homing niches by microRNAs-132, 212, and 431. (b) Integrin α6β4-expresing breast cancer exosomes target the laminin ECM in the lung, where they cultivate the homing niches by eliciting inflammation through Src and S-100 activation. (c) Integrin αMβ2-expresing neutrophil exosomes target multiple ECMs in the lung, thereby damaging alveoli structures and promoting further neutrophil accumulation by sustained neutrophil elastase proteolytic activities