Table 1 Comparison of present and previous cases of testicular malignancy arising from splenogonadal fusion (SGF).
From: Seminoma arising in splenogonadal fusion: a case report and literature review
Source, y | Age, y | Clinical and laboratory features | Preoperative diagnosis | Final histological diagnosis | Type | Treatment | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Falkowski and Carter, 1980 [26] | 38 | Bilateral cryptorchidism, intra-abdominal tumor, and elevated HCG in serum | Bilateral cryptorchidism with intra-abdominal tumor, ectopic spleen | SGF with anaplastic seminoma | Continuous | Excision of testicular tumor and spleen with radiation therapy to abdomen, mediastinum, and both supraclavicular regions | Not reported |
Thomsen et al., 1997 [27] | 28 | Status post left orchiopexy for left cryptorchidism, left testicular mass, and elevated serum AFP | Testicular tumor | SGF with mixed germ cell tumor (endodermal sinus tumor, immature teratoma, and seminoma in situ) | Discontinuous | Left orchiectomy and excision of attached ectopic splenic tissue | No evidence of disease 9 months after surgery |
Imperial and Sidhu, 2002 [29] | 27 | Bilateral cryptorchidism, intra-abdominal tumor, and elevated HCG and AFP in serum | Bilateral cryptorchidism with intra-abdominal testicular cancer | SGF with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor) | Continuous | Excision of left testicular tumor and spleen, right orchiopexy, and 3 cycles of BEP (cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin) chemotherapy | No evidence of disease 5.5 years after surgery |
Lopes et al., 2012 [9] | 36 | Bilateral cryptorchidism, intra-abdominal tumor, and normal tumor markers | Bilateral cryptorchidism with infertility, SGF | SGF with seminoma in situ | Continuous | Excision of left testicular tumor, right orchiopexy, and left testicular prosthesis implantation | Not reported |
Present case | 48 | Bilateral cryptorchidism, intra-abdominal tumor, and normal tumor markers | Bilateral cryptorchidism with stage III metastatic seminoma | SGF with seminoma | Continuous | 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (BEP), excision of testicular tumor and small amount of attached spleen, and dissection of retroperitoneal lymph node | No evidence of disease 6 months after surgery |