Table 1 Reports of anterior mediastinal neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma cases published between 1943– present (including our case)
Source | No. of cases | Age/Sex | Clinical presentation | Site | Size (cm) | Histology | Clinical evidence of SIADH, serum ADH level (pg/mL) | Immunohistochemistry | Molecular | Follow-up (mo/yr) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||||||||||
Sailer (1943)[4] | 1 | 65/F | Headache, dizziness | AM | 5 | NB | NR | NP | NP | NP | Autopsy, incidental finding |
Büthker et al. (1964) [5] | 1 | 67/F | Sternal pain, incidental finding | AM | 3.5 | NB | NR | NP | NP | NP | ANED, > 12 mo |
Hutchinson et al. (1968) [6] | 1 | 51/M | Sternal pain, incidental finding | Thymus | 10 | NB | No | NP | NP | NP | ANED, 18 mo, adjuvant RT |
Talerman et al. (1983) [7] | 1 | 61/F | Chest pain, severe MI | Thymus | 5.5 | GNB | No | NP | NP | NP | Autopsy, incidental finding |
Kaye et al. (1986) [8] | 1 | 26/F | Nausea, anorexia, headache | AM, widespread deposits of metastatic tumor | NR | NB | Yes, 6.1 | NP | NP | NP | DOD. 18 mo, adjuvant ChT/RT |
Salter et al. (1995) [9] | 1 | 80/F | Hyponatremia; history of renal cell carcinoma | AM | 7 | NB | Yes, NR | NSE, SYN, CG (few), S100 (sparse) | Vimentin, GFAP, CK AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2 | NP | ANED, 14 mo |
Asada et al. (1996) [10] | 1 | 61/F | Fatigue and nausea | Thymus | 4 | GNB | Yes, 2.1 | NSE, CG, S100 (ganglion cells), ADH (occasional), NF, SYN | VIP, NPY, SST | NP | NR |
Argani et al. (1997) [11] | 3 | 67/F | Coronary artery disease; history of endometrial and colonic carcinomas | Thymus | NR | GNB | Yes, NR | CG, SYN, NSE (Homer Wright rosettes and neuropil), Leu 7 (cases 1 and 3), neurofilament (case 3), S100 protein (spindled and dendritic cells, largely restricted to fibrovascular septa, prominent in cases 2 and 3) | CD99 (MIC2 gene product), GFAP, calcitonin, CK AE1/3, CAM 5.2 | NP | DOC, POD 10 |
80/M | NR | AM | 7.3 | NB | No | NP | ANED, 1.5 year after resection | ||||
71/F | Asymptomatic | AM | NR | NB | NR | NP | DOD, 1 year after resection (local extension, distant metastases) | ||||
Nagashima et al. (1997) [12] | 1 | 79/M | Chest pain | AM | 8.0 | GNB | NR | NSE and NF (small), S100 protein, HMB-45, (moderate-sized cells), NSE and S100 protein (pyramidal cells) | ANED, 5 year after resection | ||
Tateishi et al. (2003) [13] | 1 | 72/F | Asymptomatic | AM | NR | NB | NR | Vimentin (variable), CD56, CG, SYN, NSE, NF | CD99 | NR | NR |
Ogawa et al. (2009) [14] | 1 | 60/M | Asymptomatic | Thymus, right lobe | 4.7 | NB | Yes, 6.4 | NSE, SYN CG, ADH | NR | NP | NR |
Ohtaki et al. (2011) [15]* | 1 | 64/M | Asymptomatic | Superior mediastinum | 5.0 | NB | NR | NSE, SYN CG, CD56, vimentin | CK AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, EMA, E-cadherin, CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD117, S100 protein, SMA, CD99 | MYCN amplified | AWD, lymph nodes metastases at 10 mo |
Pellegrino et al. (2012) [16] | 1 | 79/F | Progressive asthenia and severe hyponatremia | Thymus | 12 | NB | Yes, NR | NSE, SYN CG, CD56 | NR | NP | ANED, 24 mo |
Ueda et al. (2012) [17] | 1 | 65/F | Asymptomatic | AM | 6.4 | NB | NR | SYN, CG, CD56 | Keratin | ANED, 15 mo | |
Rogowitz et al. (2014) [18] | 1 | 86/M | Fatigue, feeling “shaky”, shortness of breath | AM | 5.2 | NB | Yes, NR | SYN, CG, CD56, S100 (focal), NF (neuropil) | CK AE1/AE3, GFAP, CD99 | FISH, ESWR1 negative | ANED, 11 mo |
Wiesel et al. (2015) [19] | 1 | 62/M | Ataxia and oscillopsia | Thymus | 7.5 | NB | No | CG, SYN, NSE | CK AE1/AE3, CD99 | MYCN non-amplified | ANED, 6 mo |
Satoh et al. (2019) [20] | 1 | 60/M | Asymptomatic | Thymus | 4.7 | NB | Yes, 6.4 | NR | NR | NR | ANED, > 10 yr |
Yanik et al. (2019) [21] | 1 | 40/M | Anorexia, fatigue, headache, weight loss | AM (right paratracheal lesion); metastasis to hilar lymph nodes | NR | NB | NR | NR | NR | NR | ANED, 3 mo after resection with NACT |
Watts et al. (2019) [22] | 1 | 62/M | Non-specific constitution symptoms | Thymus | NR | NB | Yes, NR | CD56, SYN, CG, NSE, Ki67 (20%) | NR | NR | NR |
Kennedy et al. (2022) [23] | 1 | 83/M | Asymptomatic; history of prostatic adenocarcinoma | Thymus | 3.6 | NB | Yes, NR | CD56, CG, SYN (weak), NSE, ALK (weak), CD99, NeuN (variable), calretinin (variable), TdT and TTF1 (variable subset), SOX10 (rare), S100 (variable, rare), GFAP, PGP9.5 | PHOX2B, panCK, Cam 5.2, EMA, CK 5/6, p40, NKX3.1, CD45, MyoD1, desmin, WT1, NF | FISH, ESWR1 negative; NGS, diploid, 3q LOH, partial 3p loss (including SETD2) | |
Moran et al. (2023) [24] | 3 | 57–63/ F (2), M (1) | Chest pain, cough, shortness of breath | Thymus | 3-4.5 | NB | NR | SYN (neuropil), NSE | S100 protein, CG, SYN, CD99 | NP | Alive (8–12 mo for 2 patients), Unknown for 1 patient |
Current case | 1 | 71/M | Asymptomatic | Thymus | 5.2 | NB | No | SYN, CG,TdT NKX2.2, GFAP (patchy), SMI31 (focal, cytoplasmic) | TTF1, CK 20, MCPyV, PHOX2B, Olig2, OCT3/4, CD99 | FISH, EWSR1 and i12p negative | Recent |