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Table 3 Summary of total error, false negative and false positive rates for the four medical centers, and sub-classification of false positives and false negatives by possible causative factors (with % of the total errors of each type—false positives or false negatives)

From: Algorithm-assisted diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease – evaluation of robustness and comparative image analysis on data from various labs and slide scanners

Cohort

Image set total

Total errors (False positive and false negative)

Error type

Total (% of image set total)

Technical

Missing Specificity/Sensitivity

New/abnormal findings

Unknown

Center A

675

48 (7.1%)

False positive

2 (0.29%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (100%)

0 (0%)

False negative

46 (6.81%)

28 (60.9%)

17 (37%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.2%)

Center B

417

46 (11%)

False positive

5 (1.2%)

0 (0%)

5 (100%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

False negative

41 (9.8%)

25 (61%)

16 (39%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Center C

465

28 (6.0%)

False positive

3 (0.63%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

False negative

25 (5.37%)

22 (88%)

2 (8%)

0 (0%)

1 (4%)

Center D

667

26 (3.9%)

False positive

23 (3.45%)

0 (0%)

20 (87%)

3 (13%)

0 (0%)

False negative

3 (0.45%)

0 (0%)

3 (100%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)